Argumentative Essay On Drinking Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay

Argumentative Essay On Drinking Water Shortage Environmental Sciences Essay Although most of the earths surface is covered with water, water shortage is a serious threat to the survival of humanity at present and in future. There is a water crisis which faces many parts of the world and it is a threat to survival of human beings since humans are primarily dependent on water. Shortage in drinking water is a major problem facing developing countries which have not taken drastic steps to harvest water and purify it to make it safe for human consumption. However, this problem is also being increasingly felt in developed countries where the population growth has strained available water resources and stretched the ability of governments and private firms to provide safe drinking water to the population. There are many conflicts around the world where people have died or have been injured as a result of clashes over a water resource. Most of these conflicts have occurred in Asia and Africa where most developing countries are located (Gleick 17-22). When humans cla sh over resources, this underscores the seriousness of the issue and calls for drastic actions to be taken to solve the problem. Shortage of drinking water is therefore an issue which must be investigated in detail and solutions developed to curb this problem. There are various causes of shortage of drinking water and most of these are attributable to human activities. These include such activities as deforestation and pollution which contribute to global warming, misuse of the water resource and groundwater contamination among others. It is important to develop solutions to this problem if future generations are to survive. This paper aims at analyzing the shortage in drinking water resource, its causes and solutions which should be implemented to solve the problem. The discussed issues will be summarized at the end. Shortage in drinking water It has been discussed that there is shortage of drinking water in various regions across the world. In many developing countries, people do not have access to drinking water due to various reasons. In some cases, water resources have dried up while in others, they are polluted. As a result, there populations especially in Africa face many water-borne diseases mainly due to pollution of water resources. Human activities such as population growth and industrial activities have further strained water resources and caused a shortage of drinking water. As a result, there are many conflicts over pastures or water resources and these lead to injuries or fatalities (Gleick 17-22). As mentioned earlier, this underscores the importance of finding a solution to the problem of shortage of the water resource. In the United States, there is pressure on available water resources since half of water collected is usually used in electricity generation, leaving the population to share the little left. There are already calls for charging water resources in order to increase efficiency of use (CQ Researcher 531-550). Although water protection has been implemented for years, there is still water pollution occurring within the United States. After the Civil war, America strived to provide its population with clean water and its water treatment system was and is still is one of the best globally. However, industrial revolution led to the pollution of water resources, leading to shortage of clean drinking water. Other external factors such as effects of global warming have also put a strain on available water resources. It is important to understand how shortage of drinking water occurs and its causes. These will be discussed in the section below; How human beings contribute to the problem of shortage in drinking water There are various human activities and trends which are primarily responsible for the problem of shortage of drinking water. These activities damage the environment, contaminate water sources or put pressure on water resources leading to a shortage of drinking water. Some of these will be discussed below; Pollution Environmental pollution is one of the major causes of lack of drinking water. Pollution contaminates available water sources, making water available unsafe for human consumption. Pollution also damages the environment and causes adverse effects which result in drying up of water sources (Levy 62-67). There are three major types of pollution which will be discussed in this section and these are water and air pollution as well as contamination of ground water sources. Air pollution occurs through human activities such as burning of fuel, release of harmful gases by industries or products such as vehicles, release of greenhouse gases among others. Air pollution is a major cause of global warming since gases released into the atmosphere allow more heat to be trapped within the earths surface resulting in global warming. Water pollution results from discharging waste into water sources and this is common in developing countries which do not strong laws which deter such forms of pollution. Contamination of ground water sources occurs after the use of certain chemicals including fertilizers which contaminate ground water after use, making such water toxic to humans (Upmanu et. al. 1-17). These forms of pollution reduce the amount of water resource which may be used by humans leading to a shortage in drinking water resources. Increasing population There is a very high population growth rate in many countries across the world. The average world population growth rate is over 1% and some countries especially in Africa and Asia have growth rates of over 2% per annum. A large growth rate puts pressure on available resources and causes a shortage. Human beings depend on water to live and the large population growth rate has put pressure on available water resources. Since water infrastructure and resource has generally remained constant over the years, population growth rate strains the water resource and creates a shortage in drinking water for populations across the world. Global warming Global warming can be attributed to a large proportion of the loss of water resources. It is caused by the emission of certain gases such as carbon dioxide into the atmosphere leading to retention of heat by the earths surface. This raises the average temperatures and causes adverse effects such as heat waves and melting of glaciers. Global warming causes higher evaporation of water resources due to higher temperatures on the earths surface. This results in the decline of availability of fresh water sources. It also leads to the drying up of water resources such as rivers and lakes due to higher temperatures. Global warming should be addressed if humans are to have fresh drinking water in the long run. Use of water for agriculture Agricultural activities are a major part of many countries economies. Many people rely indirectly or directly from agriculture. Agricultural activities heavily rely on water for sustenance. In many countries, fresh water resources are used for irrigation of crops and feeding of animals. The use of freshwater sources for irrigation strains the water resource and creates shortages especially when agriculture is practiced in large scale (Buchanan Horwitz 67-69). In developing countries, areas which have large scale agricultural activities especially in water intensive agricultural activities such as horticulture usually experience water shortages due to the amount of water used in agriculture. It is important that alternative water sources are used for agriculture is there is to be clean drinking water for people across the world. Wastage of water resource Wastage of water is common in nearly all countries due to ignorance on potential benefits of conserving water. There are many ways in which water is wasted and these include letting water run within households when it is not in use, lack of water recycling and lack of water harvesting among other means. When water within households is allowed to run when not in use, it may appear to be a little quantity, but when compared against numerous households, it becomes clear how much water is wasted. When water is also not recycled like for instance purified and used for other sources, this is wastage of the water resource. Poor harvesting of water or lack of water harvesting incentives allows water which would have been put to use to be wasted. This creates a situation where people do not have access to drinking water as is the case in many countries. Solutions There are various solutions which should be implemented to solve the problem of shortage of drinking water. Some of them will be briefly discussed below; Reduction of emissions of carbon dioxide to the atmosphere This is one of the most effective solutions needed to conserve the water resource. As has been discussed, one of the greatest threats to the availability of water is global warming. Global warming increases temperatures and encourages evaporation of water resources. Carbon dioxide emission is one of the major causes of global warming. It is therefore essential that emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere is reduced. Greenhouses are some of the largest emitters of carbon dioxide and reduction of greenhouse gases will reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emitted. The Kyoto Protocol is a global agreement by countries to reduce the amount of greenhouse emissions. More countries should join such agreements and they should develop a global approach in reducing carbon dioxide emissions (Glennon 33-38). Other measures such as planting of trees should be encouraged since trees are important in removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Afforestation and re-afforestation Afforestation and re-afforestation are two effective approaches in conserving the water resource. Afforestation involves planting trees where there were none while re-afforestation involves plating trees which were cut down. The planting of trees is useful in conserving the water resource for two main reasons. The first is that trees use carbon dioxide and give out oxygen thereby purifying the air. Carbon dioxide emission has been discussed as a cause of global warming and depletion of clean drinking water due to high temperatures. Planting of trees reduces the carbon dioxide levels in air and prevents adverse effects of global warming (Solomon 46-52). The second reason is that planting of trees attracts rainfall through the water cycle which involves transpiration. Transpiration by trees allows moisture to evaporate and form clouds which eventually fall down as rainfall. Availability of rainfall increases water resources and ensures that humans have access to clean drinking water. Harvesting of water Harvesting of water is one form of water conservation and it involves collecting waste water and purifying it to make it safe for drinking (The Economist 14-16). Water harvesting should mainly be done when there are heavy rains and water should be directed towards reservoirs where it may be stored and purified for human consumption. This form of water conservation ensures that there is minimal water wastage and that human beings have access to clean drinking water. It also ensures that there is enough water to sustain human activities such as agriculture. Avoiding water wastage It is important for governments and the private sector to educate the public on importance of water conservation and avoidance of water wastage. Avoiding water wastage ensures that the water resource is conserved and that there is enough water to meet all human activities. Water wastage through simple measures, such as letting water run when not in use or using excess water to perform various household functions, is very effective in conserving the water resource if done in large scale. When the public at large is advised about these simple measures, more water will be harvested, purified and stored for consumption by human beings. Legal regulations In order to enforce these solutions, it is important to criminalize any actions which contribute to the depletion of the water resource. Human activities such as deforestation, pollution and contamination of ground water resources should be discouraged through the passage of tough laws which act as deterrent to such actions. Harsh sentences and fines should be imposed on people who are caught polluting or damaging the environment. This will discourage others from committing the same and it will encourage society to preserve various resources including the water resource. Summary and conclusion Shortage of water resources has been seen to be a serious problem which threatens the survival of mankind. Water is an essential part of the lives of human beings who need water for survival. However, there are many human activities which either pollute water resources or which pollute the environment leading to the drying up of the water resources. Some of these activities include air pollution which occurs through human activities such as burning of fuel, release of harmful gases by industries or products such as vehicles, release of greenhouse gases among others. Water pollution occurs through discharging waste into water sources while contamination of ground water sources occurs after the use of certain chemicals including fertilizers which contaminate ground water after use, making such water toxic to humans. Other human activities such as deforestation and agriculture also contribute to the shortage of clean drinking water. Population growth puts pressure on water resources mak ing it difficult to satisfy human needs. There are various steps which should be taken in order to address the problem of water shortage. Afforestation and re-afforestation are two effective approaches in conserving the water resource since they help in attracting rainfall and purifying the atmosphere. Harvesting of water is a form of water conservation and it ensures that there is minimal water wastage. Finally, string laws which discourage environmental pollution should be passed in order to ensure that the environment is conserved and that there are enough water resources for all. This will ensure that future populations survive on current water resources available.

Pit and the Pendulum Journal

Poe makes this short story really good with two different styles, he uses a varied sense of time In this story, and he also uses the first person narration to Improve upon the thrill and suspense of this short story. This varied sense of time gives mystery to the story, as neither we, the audience, nor the narrator seem to know exactly how much time passes each time the narrator goes unconscious, and It appeared to me that a very long interval of time had since elapsed. Poe 2). This quote shows that the narrator has a slight sense of time, but since he has no watch, he cannot accurately perceive the time elapsed with each time he goes unconscious, he only uses the fact that his surroundings change after he wakes up. The first person narration also adds to the quality of this story as it gives mystery, perspective, and it even lets us predict to some extent. The mystery is in that we only know what the narrator knows, so we are somewhat as clueless to what is occurring as he is.The pe rspective Is good because we are given all of his thoughts and this gives us reasoning to his actions, without such reasoning the story would be much more difficult to understand. The first person narration also gives us a sense of what Is going to happen, â€Å"They appeared to me white – whiter than the sheet upon which I trace these words. † (1). This tells us that the narrator survives through the story because he is writing the story for us on paper, therefore he could not have died in this torture chamber.

Modernization Theory Of The Post War Years - 1324 Words

In his inaugural speech in 1949, Truman captured the United States’ optimistic sentiment with regards to development following the Second World War. The United States found themselves in a unique position where they had shown their military and technological prowess, were the only victor whose infrastructure had not been damaged by the war and saw themselves as the technological leader of the world and a model to be emulated. Along with growing fears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergence of the predominant American sociological and economic theory of the post-war years: modernization theory. Though many new theories have emerged since the development of modernization theory, of which Walt Whitman Rostow was one of the leading figures, and it has seen fluctuations in its popularity, it has remained a part of the discourse on development to this day. Over the years, it faced harsh criticism, notably fr om the Latin American dependentistas of which Andre Gunder Frank was one of the main voices. This paper will focus on Rostow’s Stages of Economic Growth and Andre Gunder Frank’s critique of modernization theory in The Development of Underdevelopment and Sociology of Development. These two authors offer a limited view of the broader debate between modernization and dependency theory in the second half of the twentieth century and thus this paper does not claim to be a comprehensive study of these twoShow MoreRelatedThe World Of World War I1293 Words   |  6 PagesPrior to the beginning of World War I, the world economy was held up by four pillars: the gold standard, free trade, communication and transportation, and capital and labor labor mobility. After facing two world wars and a worldwide economic depression, economists and governments from around the world implemented several development strategies. Some strategists tried to rebuild the order from before World War I in a more flexible and stable way while others bucked the traditional world order allRead M oreAmerican Political Scientist Samuel Huntington1401 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican political scientist Samuel Huntington once pointed out that although modernity breeds stability it is modernization that breeds instability. Many of the world’s greatest economists forecast that China will overtake the United States as the world’s economic powerhouse in the near future. However, that will largely depend on how well the Chinese government can control its modernization both politically and economically. China’s rapid ascension through its distorted economic reforms has underminedRead MoreModernization Theory Of India s Democracy1722 Words   |  7 Pagesincreases the probability that any given society will have democratic politics. Although this theory is widely spread it does not seem to account for all cases, such as India. Due to the large population of India, the defying factors against modernization theory are not easily overlooked. Many scholars have been a nalyzing the deviant case for years, trying to find out how they defied the modernization theory. India is considered a deviant case because it only recently began to see notable economic developmentRead MoreA Research Study On The United States Method Of Survey Research2772 Words   |  12 PagesBrandon Koch Jean Converse in her work Survey Research in the United States historicizes the method of survey research from the years of 1865-1960. The value and legitimatization of the survey research method stems from the wartime experiences of WWI and WWII. Early wartime research was a small scattered field prior to WWI consisting of a small tight knit group of a few hundred researchers (163). â€Å"Most of those who had major responsibilities for wartime opinion research were, at some time or otherRead MoreThe Problem Identified:. Every Day People Are Faced With1648 Words   |  7 Pagesin order to help women and provide justice. Background of the Problem: Some scholars argue that violence is prevalent in Guatemala because of the Civil War the country endured from 1960 to 1996 (La Violencia). Infact, some would even say that it was the â€Å"longest civil war in modern Latin American history† (La Violencia). These years of war related violence also spread to acts of violence against women. For instance, were routine and systematic-part of soldiers’ instructions’† (La Violencia). ThereforeRead MoreThe Developments Of The Twentieth Century Essay1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe developments of the twentieth century either enhanced the quality of life for people or diminished it. From the industrial revolution providing jobs and creating an economic base, to the World Wars aiding political conflicts and disrupting ways of life and modern capitalism giving rise to popular culture. There have been significant changes to the art world, as the changing environments and culture led traditional modes of art to become mo dernized and radical. The emergence of the anti-aestheticRead MoreExploring The Individual Experiences Of An Older Adult878 Words   |  4 PagesIn order to explore the individual experiences of an older adult in the United States, we conducted an interview of a 78-year-old white male living in Silver Spring, Maryland. Throughout this paper, the interviewee will be referred to as Edgar; this is not his real name. The interview was conducted in the home of one of the interviewers because it is close to Edgar’s home. Throughout the interview, we discussed Edgar’s personal experiences with ageism, the physical and psychological effects of agingRead MoreModernization: Afghanistan vs India Essay1845 Words   |  8 PagesSemester Modernization in Afghanistan vs. India The political scientists, economists, philosophers, and other scientists have different views and ideas about development and modernization such as, Adam Smith, Karl Marx, Lenin, Baron, and Frank are the different scientist that introduced development theory. Similarly, this paper offers a discussion of modernization theory between two Asian countries; which is Afghanistan modern era duringRead MoreU.s. Foreign Policy History2175 Words   |  9 Pagescaused, exacerbated or illuminated by several critical events. Through this lens, the Spanish-American War, Pearl Harbor, the Vietnam War and 9/11 are critical points that added the impetus to shift the cycle of U.S. foreign policy in the other direction. The Spanish-American war paved the way for American Imperialism, illuminating a shift towards interventionist policies. Emerging from post-WWI isolationism, the attack on Pearl Harbor created an immediate national consensus, realigning foreignRead MoreA Study On Norwich Universi ty Essay1087 Words   |  5 PagesUniversity Application Requirements The Norwich University admissions process is quite simple. Norwich admissions offers looks at high school transcripts to ensure that candidates have completed four years of English, four years of math, three years of laboratory science, three years of social science and two years of a foreign language. Resumes are optional, but they help to introduce the applicant’s interests, activities, sports participation, volunteer work and community leadership history. Admissions

Cypop 23 - 632 Words

1. UNDERSTAND THE SPEECH, LANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION ASSESSMENT PROCESS FOR CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE WHO ARE LEARNING MORE THAN ONE LANGUAGE. 1.1 Explain how to identify which languages are used by children and young people in the work setting. It is important to gain information regarding a child’s exposure to languages during the initial meeting with parents or carers as soon as the child starts nursery. It is vital to gain as much information possible regarding their culture, background and family. Interact with the child, and see in which language they respond. If the child has older siblings, ask them in which language their sibling communicates to them. Ask the parents if they have previous records (if the child has attended†¦show more content†¦Formal standardized tests or screens that are used for children whose mother tongue is not English are often not very helpful for the following reasons * These tests have been developed for people only speaking English * We do not always know the stages of development of the child’s mother tongue. * When translating an assessment you might not be testing the same thing. * The child may not have been exposed to the testing vocabulary * The child may know the word in their mother tongue, but not in English (such as colors and shapes) * There may be differences in culture. 1.4. Explain how to recognize when a child or young person learning more than one language may have additional or specific speech, language and communication needs. A child who is learning more than one language will exhibit certain signs if they have an additional or specific speech, language and communication need. It is vital to identify any specific speech, language and communication needs in a child as early identification and assessment is essential to support the child in the setting and at home. The initial concern may come from the parents or carers and then a review of the childs progress can be started. Some key things to look out for, both in terms of their language skills and in other areas too, are Language – Slower progress than expected, difficulties with particular speech, language and communicationShow MoreRelatedLearning and Social Care Essay examples30870 Words   |  124 PagesOptional units Units are chosen to build the achievement credit to 65. Please refer to the separate Qualification Specification Optional Units document. Unit ref. Unit no. Unit title Unit type Level Credit GLH Date achieved Notes A/601/0121 CYPOP 1 Work with babies and young children to promote their development and learning Care for the physical and nutritional needs of babies and young children Lead and manage a community based early years setting Promote young children’s physical activityRead MorePregnancy and Children1787 Words   |  8 PagesCYPOP 1: Work with babies and young children to promote thier development and learning. 1. Understand the development and learning of babies and young children. 1.1 Explain the pattren of developments in the first three years of life and the skills typically acquired at each stage. Babies and toddlers show amazing progress in all aspects of their development from birth to three years, considering they are born with simple reflexes and are quite helpless and dependent. It is essentialRead MoreOutline the current legislation covering home based childcare, and the role of regulatory bodies.1777 Words   |  8 Pagesï » ¿ CYPOP 5 - Understand how to set-up a home-based childcare service Assessment 1.1 Outline the current legislation covering home based childcare, and the role of regulatory bodies. Below are the current legislations covering home based childcare: 1. United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) The United Nations convention on the rights of the child is to promote all aspects for the care, development and education of children, non discrimination on the grounds of genderRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pagesindividuals with multiple conditions and/or disabilities (SS 5.6) 236 Support children s speech, language and communication (EYMP5) 239 Understand the needs of children and young people who are vulnerable and experiencing poverty and disadvantage (CYPOP 17) 243 Providing Independent Mental Capacity Advocacy (ADV 305) 246 Independent Mental Health Advocacy (ADV 306) 253 Providing Independent Advocacy Management (ADV 307) 259 Providing Independent Advocacy to adults (ADV 308)266 Independent Advocacy